But it is a particularly punitive measure because the burden is often on the defendants to prove that any property and cash that are seized were obtained through lawful activities. 但这种举措有很强的惩罚性,因为通常需要被告人来证明,被没收的资产和现金都是通过合法活动取得的。
However, the Siberian exile seemed negligible, no matter as a punitive measure or as a migratory movement or for eliminating a threat to their rule. 然而无论是作为惩罚措施,还是移民手段,抑或是为了排除对其统治的威胁,西伯利亚流放都显得微不足道。
Punitive damages is a legal succors measure in the common law of the Anglo-American legal system. 惩罚性赔偿制度是英美法系中普通法上的一种法律救济措施。
There are neither judge criteria nor punitive measure in legal procedure to lawyers 'negative defense behavior. Lawyers just need to bear administrative liability, civil liability and punishment in legal morality, which cannot make up the personal and property loss of the accused. 对于律师消极辩护的行为,既无判定标准又无程序内的惩治措施,律师仅需承担行政、民事责任或律师职业道德方面的惩处,难以弥补被追诉人所遭受的人身、财产利益的损失。
However, from the purpose of punitive civil sanction, the aggravated damages are a substitutive redress measure to human dignity, and the deterrence damages are to internalize the cost of act. 不过,从惩罚性赔偿的目的看,加重性赔偿与威慑性赔偿要么是对人格尊严的替代性的救济措施,要么是为了促使行为人将行为的社会成本内化。